Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Involvement of PPAR-γ in the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor inhibition: effects of the receptor antagonist telmisartan and receptor deletion in a mouse MPTP model of Parkinson's disease

doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-38

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs showing changes in microglial activation in the substantia nigra . Activated microglial cells at central levels of the substantia nigra stained with (A, B, E-H) isolectin B4 or (C, D) immunostained for CD45 and higher magnification. Photomicrographs show microglia in WT mice treated with vehicle (controls; A, C), with MPTP alone (B, D), with MPTP + telmisartan (E), or with MPTP + telmisartan + GW9662 (G). Microglial activation in AT1a-null mice (AT1a -/- ) treated with MPTP alone or MPTP + GW9662 is shown in F and H, respectively. Microglial activation was significantly higher in mice treated with MPTP alone (B, D), and in mice treated with the neurotoxin, AT1 inhibition and GW9662 (G, H). Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated for 1 h in 10% normal serum with 0.25% Triton X-100 in 20 mM potassium PBS containing 1% BSA (KPBS-BSA), then incubated overnight at 4°C with rabbit polyclonal antiserum to TH (Chemicon, Millipore Temecula, CA; 1:500) or at 4°C with rat monoclonal antiserum to CD45 (rat immunoglobulin G, 1:1000, AbD Serotec, Kidlington, Oxford, UK) in 20 mM KPBS containing 1% BSA, 2% normal serum and 0.25% Triton X-100.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Inhibition

Journal:

Article Title: Long-Term Consequences of Methamphetamine Exposure in Young Adults Are Exacerbated in Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Heterozygous Mice

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1067-07.2007

Figure Lengend Snippet: A–H, GDNF+/− mice treated with METH exhibited an inflammatory response in the SN 2 weeks after injection. CD45-IR in the SN (A–D) and striatum (E–H) in saline (SAL)-treated WT mice (A,E), saline-treated GDNF+/− mice (B,F), METH-treated WT mice (C,G), and METH-treated GDNF+/− mice (D,H). Scale bar, 0.5 mm. I, J, Quantitation of the average integrated density of CD45-ir in the SN (I) and striatum (J). Saline-treated GDNF+/− mice had more CD45-IR in the SN than saline-treated WT mice (*p < 0.05). METH treatment caused a significantly greater increase in CD45-IR in the SN of GDNF+/− mice than in saline-treated GDNF+/− mice or METH-treated WT mice (*p < 0.05). n = 5 per group. Error bars indicate SEM.

Article Snippet: The sections were then rinsed and incubated for 1 h in biotin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (TH) or goat anti-rat (CD45) IgG, rinsed, and incubated for 1 h in avidin-biotin-peroxidase reagents (Elite Vectastain kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).

Techniques: Injection, Quantitation Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Degradation of Host Sphingomyelin Is Essential for Leishmania Virulence

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000692

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Whole cell lysates from log phase promastigotes were resolved by SDS/PAGE and blotted to PVDF membranes. Monoclonal antibody WIC79.3 was used to detect LPG; rabbit anti- L. major GP63 polyclonal antibody was used to detect GP63; and monoclonal anti-α-tubulin antibody (Sigma) was used as a loading control . Localizations of LPG ( B ; primary antibody: WIC79.3; secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgG-Texas Red) and GP63 ( C ; primary antibody: a monoclonal anti- L. major GP63 antibody from Cedarlane Inc.; secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC) were determined by indirect immuno-fluorescence microscopy as we previously described .

Article Snippet: Localizations of LPG (primary antibody: WIC79.3 ; secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgG-Texas Red) and GP63 (primary antibody: monoclonal anti- L. major GP63 antibody from Cedarlane Inc.; secondary antibody: goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC) were determined by indirect immuno-fluorescence microscopy as we previously described .

Techniques: SDS Page, Control, Fluorescence, Microscopy